山东省1995年脊髓灰质炎监测报告

自１９９１年４月以来，通过对报告的急性弛缓性麻痹（ＡＦＰ）病例和病人接触者的粪便标本检测，山东省未发现脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）野病毒。自１９９２年开始引用世界卫生组织（ＷＨＯ）的诊断标准，每年均有一定数量的临床确诊脊灰病例。ＷＨＯ提出，分离到野病毒作为唯一的确诊依据，在消灭脊灰后期很有必要。卫生部提出，在ＷＨＯ推荐标准基础上结合专家组诊断意见，能保证临床符合病例具有较高特异性。山东省所有确诊脊灰病例均由专家组诊断，对专家组诊断的临床脊灰病例仍应引起高度重视，以便综合分析是否有野病毒引起的可能。１５岁以下儿童非脊灰ＡＦＰ病例报告发病率已连续３年达到１／１０万的指标，ＡＦＰ病例的粪便标本采集率达到８０．２％，与医院的及时报告率提高有密切关系。受病例麻痹到就诊的时间间隔和其它客观因素的影响，麻痹两周内采集到合格粪便标本的期望比例为９３．５％，市、县两级医院能否及时报告和采便是提高监测系统敏感性和质量的关键。报告ＡＦＰ病例中经省专家组诊查剔除非ＡＦＰ病例１９１例，占报告病例的３１．２％。在强调监测敏感性的同时，也应注意提高监测工作的特异性，以全面提高监测工作的质量。     

Notes on the use of low magnification telescopes in low vision care

Several areas related to the use of telescopes in low vision are reviewed. These include: contrast sensitivity function; eccentric viewing through a telescope; field of view; telescope used in reverse; and IOL-spectacle lens telescopic systems. Experimental data are included to support selected clinical observations routinely made by low vision clinicians.     

Simple Partial Status Epilepticus Localized by Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Subtraction in Chronic Cerebral Paragonimiasis

A patient with chronic cerebral paragonimiasis began to have new motor seizures of the right face manifested by clonic contractions that occurred several hundred times a day, consistent with simple partial status epilepticus. Ictal electroencephalogram discharges started from the left frontal region and then spread to the left hemisphere with left frontal maximum. But clinical seizures were limited to the right face. The frequent partial seizures were controlled by the intravenous infusion of phenytoin. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple conglomerated round nodules with encephalomalacia in the left temporal and occipital lobes. Applying the technique of ictal-interictal single-photo emission computed tomography subtraction, the authors were able to localize the focal ictal-hyperperfusion on left precentral cortex adjacent to the lesions that correspond to the anatomical distribution of left face motor area.     

Labeling efficacy of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles to human neural stem cells: comparison of ferumoxides, monocrystalline iron oxide, cross-linked iron oxide (CLIO)-NH2 and tat-CLIO.

OBJECTIVE: We wanted to compare the human neural stem cell (hNSC) labeling efficacy of different superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), namely, ferumoxides, monocrystalline iron oxide (MION), cross-linked iron oxide (CLIO)-NH(2) and tat-CLIO. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hNSCs (5 x 10(5) HB1F3 cells/ml) were incubated for 24 hr in cell culture media that contained 25 microg/ml of ferumoxides, MION or CLIO-NH(2), and with or without poly-L-lysine (PLL) and tat-CLIO. The cellular iron uptake was analyzed qualitatively with using a light microscope and this was quantified via atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The visibility of the labeled cells was assessed with MR imaging. RESULTS: The incorporation of SPIONs into the hNSCs did not affect the cellular proliferations and viabilities. The hNSCs labeled with tat-CLIO showed the longest retention, up to 72 hr, and they contained 2.15+/-0.3 pg iron/cell, which are 59 fold, 430 fold and six fold more incorporated iron than that of the hNSCs labeled with ferumoxides, MION or CLIO-NH(2), respectively. However, when PLL was added, the incorporation of ferumoxides, MION or CLIO-NH(2) into the hNSCs was comparable to that of tat-CLIO. CONCLUSION: For MR imaging, hNSCs can be efficiently labeled with tat-CLIO alone or with a combination of ferumoxides, MION, CLIO-NH(2) and the transfection agent PLL.     

Villous adenoma of female urethra

Villous adenoma of the female urethra is extremely rare. We present one such case and compare with only other case reported in the literature.     

Environmental temperature and stroke in a subtropical climate.

The effect of environmental temperature on stroke occurrence in a subtropical climate was studied over a 1-year period by documenting the number of strokes (subdivided into cerebral infarct and intracerebral hemorrhage) admitted into a district hospital in Hong Kong at different temperatures. There was no significant correlation between the number of strokes (or its subtypes) per day per temperature category and the environmental minimum or maximum temperature. However, an association was present between the occurrence of cerebral infarcts and maximum temperature on the day of onset in elderly patients aged 70 years and above. Environmental temperature is not a strong risk factor for the occurrence of stroke in a subtropical climate.     

In situ forces in the anterior cruciate ligament and its bundles in response to anterior tibial loads

The anterior cruciate ligament has a complex fiber anatomy and is not considered to be a uniform structure. Current anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions succeed in stabilizing the knee, but they neither fully restore normal knee kinematics nor reproduce normal ligament, function. To improve the outcome of the reconstruction, it may be necessary to reproduce the complex function of the intact anterior cruciate ligament in the replacement graft. We examined the in situ forces in nine human anterior cruciate ligaments as well as the force distribution between the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles of the ligament in response to applied anterioi tibial loads ranging from 22 to 110 N at knee flexion angles of 0–90°. The analysis was performed using a robotic manipulator in conjunction with a universal force-moment sensor. The in situ forces were determined with no device attached to the ligament, while the knee was permitted to move freely in response to the applied loads. We found that the in situ forces in the anterior cruciate ligament ranged from 12.8 ± 7.3 N under 22 N of anterior tibial load applied at 90° of knee flexion to 110.6 ± 14.8 N under 110 N of applied load at 15° of flexion. The magnitude of the in situ force in the posterolateral bundle was larger than that in the anteromedial bundle at knee flexion angles between 0 and 45°, reaching a maximum of 75.2 ± 18.3 N at 15° of knee flexion under an anterior tibial load of 110 N. The magnitude of the in situ force in the posterolateral bundle was significantly affected by knee flexion angle and anterior tibial load in a fashion remarkably similar to that seen in the anterior cruciate ligament. The magnitude of the in situ force in the anteromedial bundle, in contrast, remained relatively constant, not changing with flexion angle. Significant differences in the direction of the in situ force between the anteromedial bundle and the posterolateral bundle were found only at flexion angles of 0 and 60° and only under applied anterior tibial loads greater than 66 N. We have demonstrated the nonuniformity of the anterior cruciate ligament under unconstrained anterior tibial loads. Our data further suggest that in order for the anterior cruciate ligament replacement graft to reproduce the in situ forces of the normal anterior cruciate ligament, reconstruction techniques should take into account the role of the posterolateral bundle in addition to that of the anteromedial bundle.     

Effect of tissue inhomogeneity on beta dose distribution of 32P

In a homogeneous medium of soft tissue the radiation dose distribution due to a nonuniformly distributed beta source can be calculated by convolution of the beta dose point kernel of the nuclide with the source distribution. A possible extension of the technique to the calculation of the dose distribution in heterogeneous media involving relatively simple geometric interfaces requires the knowledge of the resulting perturbation to the beta point kernels in individual media. We simulated a soft-tissue-bone planar interface by a polystyrene (PST)-aluminum junction and measured the change in beta dose from the dose value in homogeneous PST due to a point source of 32P using 7LiF thermoluminescent dosimeters. With the point source at the interface, the dose rates at 0-31, 125-156, and 283-314 mg/cm2 separations from the interface were increased by (12 +/- 3)%, (8 +/- 2)%, and (3 +/- 2)%, respectively, compared with homogeneous PST. With the point source at a PST-air planar interface to simulate a soft-tissue-air junction, the dose rates at 0-31, 139-170, and 283-314 mg/cm2 from the interface were decreased by (25 +/- 4)%, (11 +/- 7)%, and (5 +/- 2)%, respectively. The changes in dose rates for these two interfaces have also been measured with degraded spectra of 32P. Comparison of the experimental data with Monte Carlo calculation for a point source and the two-group method of calculation for a plane source is also presented.     

Alkaloidal components ofPanax ginseng

Over twelve alkaloids were delected in the roots ofPanax ginseng C.A. Meyer. Among them three alkaloids were isolated and were identified as N₉-formylharman, ethyl β-carboline-1-carboxylate and perlolyrine on the basis of spectroscopic studies.     

Cyclin E, p27 and mutant p53 do not predict the prognosis in AJCC stage II colorectal carcinomas.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Carcinogenesis is characterized by the abnormal regulation of cell cycle. The abnormal expression of the regulators of cell cycle may be related to the prognosis. Since the clinical significance of the expression of the three proteins in colorectal carcinomas is still controversial, we evaluated the prognostic value of the expression of cyclin E, p27 and mutant p53 in stage II colorectal cancer. METHODS: The expression levels of cyclin E, p27 and mutant p53 proteins in 41 patients with stage II colorectal carcinomas were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In the univariate analysis, the level of CEA at diagnosis was associated with disease relapse. In the multivariate analysis, the clinicopathological variables such as age, gender, site of primary tumor, tumor size, state of tumor differentiation and preoperative plasma CEA level were not associated with disease relapse. When Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed to determine the prognosis, cyclin E, p27 and mutant p53 expressions did not predict poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that the expression of cyclin E, p27 and mutant p53 proteins did not predict the clinical outcome in the stage II colorectal carcinomas.